The Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled Band EssayThe plot of The Speckled Band was designed in a particular format to invoke to a Victorian audience. Throughout the story Doyle builds up tension. From the distraught suffer Roylott, through to the night spent in the Roylott offer, both danger and suspense atomic number 18 introduced. The Victorians would beat liked this it was an accomplishment of the new detective fiction genre using evil and horror to engage and sustain the readers interest.The exotic animals from around the house and the gypsies staying in the grounds help to make the whole tale extraordinary. This would have appealed to the Victorians because they had very little information about foreign animals and would have led a very protected life. Much of the information found in The Speckled Band would be new to them. The tale provided them with an opportunity to acquaint themselves with the foreign, unfamiliar and dangerous.W H Auden outlined what he believed was a standard detective fi ction plot, a murder occurs many are suspected all but wholeness suspect, who is the murderer, are eliminated the murderer is arrested or dies. Doyles The Speckled Band fits this format almost short. The introduction, when a murder should occur, involves a woman, Miss Stoner, with her sister recently murdered, fearing for her own life. This fits perfectly with Audens idea. Many potential suspects are included in the complication the animals, gypsies and Dr Roylott. All of these have both opportunity and reason to have committed the murder. In Audens visualise all the suspects, apart from the murderer, should now be eliminated.However, this is where, The Speckled Band differs slightly from the standard. Even though it is made clear that it is unlikely the animals attacked or the gypsies murdered Miss Roylott, by showing the doors and pluckows were well closed, and Holmes, after a careful examination through the open window, endeavoured in every way to force the shutter open. Holm es static has not completely excluded these suspects. The end, in which the murderer should be arrested or dies, is excessively included in The Speckled Band when Dr Roylotts scheme backfires, killing him. The story also fits in with the standard opening, complication, climax, resolution pattern. The introduction, suspects, stake out and death fit these slots. Victorians would have appreciated much(prenominal) a neat, orderly structure.Doyle ends the story in such a way as to provide a satisfying conclusion. All loose ends are tied up and the murderer is caught. The neat ending would have appealed to the Victorians sense of order but there is also an unmistakeable moral message. The way in which Dr. Roylott is caught shows Doyles own views coming forward. Doyle obviously believes in adhering to law and never resorting to violence. This is also shown by the line Violence does, in truth, recoil upon the violent. This message of good triumphing all over evil is found in all of Doy les Sherlock Holmes stories. Even though the stories may include topics that are foreign or dangerous to a Victorian audience, the righteous ending would make them feel justified in learning them.Doyle adds to the tension of The Speckled Band through his use of locations and the live. The Roylott house would have seemed, to Victorians, to be the perfect location for a murder. The house is large, old and in ask of repair work. This would make it seem spooky and more sinister. The weather also adds to this effect. Before Holmes and Watson arrive the weather is calm and warm, there was a strange argument between the sweet promise of spring and this sinister quest upon which we were engaged. This helps to build up an anticipation of troubles yet to come. When it comes for the time for the duo to begin the stake out, the weather reflects their mood, on the dark road, a chill wind blowing in our faces the gloom to guide us on our sombre errand. The darkness and even the chill wind a re often used to symbolise evil or a menace and help to build up a sense of impending danger.In conclusion I believe that even though Doyle wrote The Adventures Of The Speckled Band with Victorian views and preferences in mind he did not let it completely switch his writing style. This is revealed by the fact that even today, years after the stories were written, they still appeal to the contemporary audience. The friendship between Holmes and Watson, the logical deductions and the triumph of good over evil still appeal in modern day. There are few things, such as the reliance on men of Miss Stoner, which do not fit in with modern society and views.

Working relationship Essay Example for Free

Working relationship Essay1) Working relationship is a relationship where I spend time with my coworker and leaf node together at work, but I have little or no contact out of working hours. Its strictly professional. A individualisedised relationship is one where my personal life and extra activities and social life are involved. 2) Working relationship does not allow arguing, accepting differences, discussing interest and personal lifes problem between participants. 3) Working relationship is attained with colleagues, clients and other professionals and sharing information is limited. In personal relationship it suffer ca-ca with anyone and sparing information is unlimited.The relationship between animal trainer and care worker -care worker and kitchen staff Aiii It is important that social care workers work in confederation with individuals using the service and their family to ensure the best possible allow and care is provided. Some families may be able to provide useful information to support us in our work and we can be able to provide useful information to support them in being part of the individuals lives. If there are communication difficulties with service users a carer or family member can share information about how we can best communicate with an individual.1) well(p) communication system and good communication skills communicating in an appropriate, open , accurate and straight forward way 2) Always feedback any concerns we have to our manager/supervisor 3) Sharing expert knowledge and respecting views of others to achieve positive outcomes for individuals1) Compromising- People try to find a solution that will at least part satisfy everyone. 2) Collaborative- People try to meet the needs of all people involved. They cooperate effectively and acknowledge that everyone is important. 3) Listen first talk second To act a problem effectively we have to understand where the other person is coming from before defending our own positi on. 4) Set out the Facts Agree and establish the objective, observable elements that will have an impact on the decision. 5) Explore options together Be open to the idea that a third position may exist, and that you can get to this idea jointly.1) Managers they will be able to assist us on legal and professional matters and can also support us in the following of organisational procedures and policies when dealing with conflict 2) External agencies CQC, Social Services, unions and carers organisations who have a wide range of support available. We can access the support via website or by contacting them directly.

Theoretical discussion of Nikes labor standards in foreign nations

Theoretical discussion of Nikes advertise standards in international nations What labor standards regarding safety, running(a) conditions, overtime, and the like, should Nike hold foreign factories to those paramount in that country or those prevailing in the United States?The unsuccessfully of labor standards which are child labor, hazardous working conditions, excessive working hours, and poor compensation in growth countries are still the major problems. In order to increase lodge profits, Nike then reduces the cost by having the low labor rents paid. The multinational corporations such(prenominal) as Nike needs to developed code of conduct for their suppliers to make its unidirectional and correctly. The meaning of a code of conduct is the code that provides a guideline of honourable behaviors and values which guild workouts to follow when faced the problem in a day-to-day work (Locke, 2007). He overly states that the code of conduct of Nike requires subcontractors t o consider well-nigh canonic labor, safety standards, and environmental and health. According to Kochan (2007), the codes of conduct do not protect the labor rights or improve working conditions but whoremonger do legal liability and prevent the company reputation only.According to the case, Nike faced the problem of the low labor standards in foreign factories that are the subcontractors. Nike had become a sweatshop symbol of the evils of globalization. The definition of sweatshops is unsafe and unhealthy working conditions including low wages, long hours or work with no overtime pay, health or safety, and child labor (Banfe, 2001). The sweatshops exit occur in the factories that have the problems of poor labor standards (Miller, 2006). For example, the company that pays the salaries less than minimum wages and forces employees to work overtime. The sweatshops and low labor standards are the of import factors that can invasion the economic development (Park-Poaps, 2009). Ac cording to Miller (2006), the sweatshops dont help low educated workers in the developing countries from poverty delinquent to the fact that people have less alternative choices in choosing a job. A big American company Nike outsources the foreign factories to manufacture their athlete shoes. This will caused the United States has the impact on unemployment rate (Greene, 2007). Due to the fact, huge labor markets are needed to satisfy the demand which increasing continuously (Schwartz, 2000). He also states that the requirement of the huge labor markets will cause the talent is become not important. According to Greene (2007), the salaries are set based on the productivity level. No company can pay a labor wage beyond the productivity level. The reason of poor labor standards in terms of minimum wages and hiring child labor caused Nikes subcontractors to become a sweatshop. The setting of minimum wages should be cancel to deny the problems of the poor labor standards (Greene, 200 7). The statistical depth psychology found that the anti-sweatshops campaign can increase the unskilled labor wages around twenty percent in the footwear factories (Miller, 2006).Regarding to safety, working conditions, overtime, Nike should hold the conditions with foreign factories which are Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. If Nike persists on prevailing conditions in the United States, there is unessential for Nike to look for outside countries manufacturers. According to Park-Poaps (2009), the research found that the foreign outsourcing firms have impact on the stakeholders and governance structure in terms of the general pressure. Nevertheless, through the pressure that Nike received from many groups of association, the company should find the solution to improve the working conditions or labor standards from the Nikes foreign manufacturers. If Nike can enhance its labor standards, Nike will receive benefits from the universal apprisals rather than putting more effort. In addi tion, Nike can reduce the cost of developing public relation strategies. According to Park-Poaps (2009) in the recent time, the American companies place importance on corporate public relation in order to answer and perform the public response. The enhancement of labor standards in foreign factories could make Nike has good companys reputation. To neutralise the problems of the sweatshops, the improvement of education and a living wage should be done by the government in each country (Greene, 2007). Moreover, the viable systems of labor conditions should be control and restrict by non-governmental association such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Park-Poaps, 2009).Nike has got a high public pressure from the problem of sweatshop in the foreign subcontractor companies. Therefore, Nike should response to the public by creating the ethical labor management strategies which respect to human rights and also public relation management strategies based on the moral practice (Park -Poaps, 2009). Nike can also establish the codes of ethics in the corporate culture. According to Kantor (2002), the codes of ethic can produce a good effect on corporate affectionate responsibility (CSR). The company that does the corporate social responsibility can create the company reputation in the positive behavior. Nike should put more effort in decision making when doing business internationally by having the ethical standards in human resource management in supplying company. According to Park-Poaps (2009) the ethical standards of the company can refer to the role of top management that can impact on the company reputations. The managers should present their higher standards as role models to employee in the way they should behave (Kantor, 2002). If Nike practices the better ethical labor standards, the company will receive good corporate image. Moreover, Nike should hold the foreign subcontractors to those prevailing in the United States by having the possible standards in term of working conditions and overtime that protect the basic rights of employees. In the production period, the productivity limitation within a day should not exceed employee strength and also should not hurt the workers health (Schwartz, 2007).Regarding to the Nike case, the company could not meet the satisfaction of stakeholder which is the employees. The problem of employees seems to be the authoritative concern rather than other stakeholders. According to Schwartz (2000), a good company needs to meet the satisfaction of its stakeholders which are customers, shareholders, and employees. He also argued that if the employees lose their jobs, it is the company mistake. The emphasis of stakeholders especially in employees caused the company has more cost adding (Greene, 2007). He also states that many companies try to avoid the cost of labor by changing the ways in doing business. For example, the automated check-out counter in supermarkets and teller bank machines has been f ound in the developing world. The cost saving is become a major concern at the present time when the economic problems occur. In addition, the technology changing is also the possible factor to reduce the number of workers. Therefore, the change in technology and the cost saving could be the cause of the unemployment in developed countries such as the United States. These factors lead the big company Nike needs to use the outsourcing manufacturers in foreign countries to produce their products.According to Locke (2007), the ways Nike response to the public pressure are that all suppliers need to sign the code of conduct and seat within the factories. In the code of conduct, it provides the training and the staff to control all of suppliers. In addition, Nike has approximately one thousand mangers working in those foreign factories to liable for training Nikes code of conduct and labor practices. Locke also argued that the new approval process of Nike is the three different types of audit which are a basic environmental, safety and health audit, and a more in-depth management and working conditions audit. However, the codes of conduct of Nike seem to be unsuccessful in some countries which the problems of poor wages and unreasonable work hours or harassment (Locke, 2007). Hence, Nike should continue to check and evaluate the foreign subcontractor firms. In another way, Nike can use the trusty auditor firms to inspect the true statement within those manufacturers.In conclusion, the sweatshops are the major problem of Nike in doing business with foreign subcontractors to manufacturer their products. To eliminate the sweatshops, the related associations or government in those developing countries should come to look after and inspect Nikes subcontractors. The needed of the huge labor markets in the real world can create the obstacle in the working conditions such as a low wages paid, no overtime pay, long-time working, and child labor. On the other hand, the education and a living wage are also important factors that need to concern in order to solve the problem of unskilled workers in developing countries. Moreover, Nike should hold the foreign factories to those prevailing in subcontractor countries Vietnam, Indonesia, and China. To improve the labor standards regarding safety, working conditions, overtime, Nike should practice the ethical standards by concern on the human right and basic needs of employees. The managers should act as the role model on the ethical behavior to make the employees to follow the codes of ethic. In addition, the codes of conduct are important for the Nike foreign manufacturers to follow and practice in the correctly way. If Nikes foreign subcontractors can improve the labor standards and working conditions by using the codes of conduct and the codes of ethic, Nike will get the benefit from the public relation in term of company reputation and also avoid public pressure.

Socrates Concept Of Justice When Applied To War Philosophy Essay

Socrates Concept Of Justice When Applied To War Philosophy EssayThe nation is at war, and your number in the recently reinstated military draft has on the dot come up. The problem is that, after serious reflection, you control concluded that the war is unjust. What advice might Socrates practice you? Would you tot up? What might you decide to do? champion fundamental forefront answered in the Republic is Socrates concept of Justice. As all the answers, the conclusion approximately what it is was reached employ the dialectical method, a process that is also called, intellectual midwifery. Socrates begins another discussion and a conclusion is reached that it is just to do good to our friends when they are good and violate to our enemies when they are evil, but he does not accept this as the final meaning if justice, and said that doing pervert is far worse than receiving harm, because committing injustice harms peerlesss self internally (Davis, 2000).In conclusion, harming any person is an injustice, and so any just man would not commit it. Davis noted that it was the firstly that it had been declared in European ism the intellection that a man should not harm others, level his enemies (2000). This is in fact very deontological, as the goodness of an act is considered in itself. In the first book of The Republic, Socrates receives the argument that men find it easier to fall into the pleasures of the unjust rather than choose the inevitable loss and suffering endured as a result of macrocosm good and just. But because the just life is more important than the external pleasures that vice and injustice fanny yield, loss and suffering is a little wrong to pay. Better is the poor man with a good, just soul than the rich man who has found his wealth through vice and thus attained a tainted soul (Davis, 2000).In addition, his view of justice was exemplified by the famous story, The Ring of Gyges. The point of the story is this when one has the chance to do roughlything bad, and gain something for ones self, one should not. That is justice. Thus, in this first question, I think that Socrates would have regretted it, because it is not the right thing. We should take note that Socrates is a good warrior himself of A consequentlys, while being its greatest philosopher at the same time. While the end could be good, the point is it was attained in the wrong manner. In his line of thought, Socrates would have advised that there should be some form of repayment to the commitment of injustice. And yes, I would agree. The essence of justice, as was expounded by Davis is not gaining something good for ones self by making other people suffer.Would it have been unjust for Socrates to escape? If you think it would have been, develop your position on whether it is ever morally appropriate to disobey the law. If you think Socrates could have escaped without committing an injustice, explain why. Is there some argument Crito could have made but didnt?Habin noted three arguments of Crito as he was convincing Socrates to escape. First, Socrates friends reputations would have suffered because it would only mean that his friends do not have the courage to help him escape. Their reputations would suffer. Second, Socrates would not be able to provide for his children in prison. And third, if he does not flee, it would become impossible for Socrates to teach philosophy, which nitty-gritty success for his enemies (2003). Socrates responded, however, that, A good man cannot be harmed eitherin life or in death, and in addition, and in relation to his concept of justice, one not ought to harm ones friends. It must be cleared that harming a person, for Socrates meant means him less good, less. Lastly, in response to Critos argument related about his children, the philosophers reply was, if escaping is unjust and he does it, then he would show himself unfit as teacher of virtue-he would have shown that he did not know what virtue is- and so he could not make his children just or virtuous (2003).Following the line of thought that Socrates notion of justice is justice in itself, the one characterized by Gyges, wherein one should commit something beneficial for ones self without hurting people, it would be injustice if ever he tried to escape. In the first place, Socrates was condemned to drink hemlock because he was accused of youth corruption and in believing other divinity fudges. Thus, while this he is receiver of injustice himself, it would have been greater injustice to try to escape, because he would simply commit greater injustice. One argument Crito could have made is that the Athenian laws are base or morally incorrect, and so he could have convinced Socrates to escape because it would not be injustice as it is a rebellion against the laws themselves. This is antithetic from disobeying the laws as they are laws, and disobeying the laws because they are in itself wrong.Are your moral judgments merely exp ressions of your personal preferences? If not, how are they different? In articulating your position, be sure to explain how it compares to Reagans.Moral judgment is not only expressions of personal preferences. In the line of thought of the philosopher Levinas, this question itself is invalid, because there can be no personal when it comes to morality in the sense that morality is only possible between two people. Morality is not a question of acts (acts could be personal). Moral preferences could not, as they are always based on a person to person relation. To be moral means to acknowledge others preferences as well. To be moral is an acknowledgment that people are people and deserve to have a life. Thus, to cancel this right is a transgression.I thus agree with Reagans position that there must not be individual preferences when it comes to moral judgments. In one newspaper article I have read about Reagan, he was said to be mistaken in judgment simply because he deems that a baby born without brain should not be ravenous to death. This is in fact very humane, because while the child would have not survived even a week, Reagans decision is just an acknowledgment of the right of the infant.Is it possible to be moral without believing in God? Why or why not?It is possible to be moral without believing in God, if this idea of God is based on tradition (i.e. Jesus, Allah, Jehovah.) For although religion is a great foundation when it comes to morality, it does not mean that religion is the sole foundation of it. For instance, there are a claim in the Philosophy of Science that science is not only taking-over explanations on metaphysics (I mean, reality,) and knowledge, but science is also taking over epistemology, and now even aesthetics and ethics. For example, there is what is called bio-ethics.Question about the possibility of being moral without God is actually outdated, for Nietzsche had long ago pronounced the death of God.-the death of objectivity, as new demi-gods arises perhaps the result is this age of post-modernism. Aside from Nietzsche, there are other ethical philosophers who have founded a system of morals without relying on the idea of a god there is utilitarianism, pragmatism, hedonism, rational egoism, and a lot more.

Problems And Opportunities By Transition Towns Movement Politics Essay

Problems And Opportunities By changeover Towns Movement Politics Essay novelty Towns excessively known as change internet or Transition Movement is an environmental and kindly impulsion founded upon the regulations of permaculture initialized by Rob Hopkins in Kinsale (Ireland) and in Totnes in the United kingdom. The Transition Towns ne cardinalrk is a fascinating and deeply signifi plentyt grass roots arrange to the converging ecological, economic, cultural, tuitional and wider geo-political/security crises of the coming century. (Quilley) The aim of the Transition Network is to inspire, encourage, connect, support and work communities to self-organise around the transition model, creating initiatives that rebuild resilience and reduce CO2 emissions. The vision of topical anaesthetic resilience and self-reliance emerging from community engagement with sustainability issues lies at the midpoint of the Transition Towns apprehension. Their goal is to equip communities f or the challenges of climate switch and peak fossil oil. The Transition Towns bm is an example of socioeconomic localisation where resilience is considered to be the driving deposit. resiliency refers to the ability of a system, right from an individual to the whole of the economy, to hold together their ability to resist the changes and shocks from outside. The focus here is to minimize the CO2 emissions as a resoluteness of resilience building. Peak oil and Climate change as well as referred to as hydrocarbon twins atomic number 18 the major factors this archetype is based on. The major disquietude is the end of availability of the cheap oil since the oil disco genuinely is believed to dumbfound peaked 40 years ago thereby forcing change to the wholly oil dependent society to sustainable ways of living. Out of 94 discovered oil reserves, 68 have already got exhausted and the oil production is believed to have peaked in 2005 i.e. 40 years from the peak in discovery whic h was in the late 1960s. Also climate change which is the issue of greatest hard knocks has been occurring at a faster rate than what was expected and this can be noticed by studying the reports on global warming, green house splash effects and the extent of melting in the Arctic sea of the recent past.The concept of Transition Towns concept was designed as a strategy of luck the small townspeoples move away from fossil fuel dependency. It promotes public participation and citizen action within the context of a sustainable and self-sufficient community where local forums are created for the citizens to get together and go down on ways to develop low-carbon energy mental imagerys or in other words to discuss on rectify to survival prospects in a channel peak-oil world. Planning for a future with economic disruption, dramatically lower energy consumption, and climate instability, the Transition Town movement encourages re-localization of purpose making and seeks to unleash the collective genius of our communities to create networks of mutual support. The Transition Towns network is a grass roots response to the climatic and resource crisis of the near future. This concept focuses on planned relocalisation which in turn includes local resilience, carbon reduction, decentralised energy infrastructure, re-skilling, localised food, energy descent plans, local medicinal capacity and local currencies. The Transition town movement is considered to be a social innovation where climate change is its major challenge. The ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) later investigations has do the social and economc aspects of climate change a priority for its research funding. The maintenance of social justice, opportunities for the fulfilment of livelihoods within the local economics and the role play by the culture and the creative classes as the new drivers of growth depart all be the social issues ca utilize due to the increase in the fuel prices and the ev enfall of the economy ultimately caused by the latter. The Transition Town movement is a social innovation that can be viewed as a radical response to the need for a different way of life post peak-oil and post climate change. It is focussed on reducing the carbon emissions to control climate change and to control peak-oil crisis which suggests that it has an ideology which is an alternative way of organizing the economy. The Transition Town movement has spread rhizomically from Totnes to 134 other places all around the world. Also according to an article The two limits debates Limits to Growth and climate change, the real solution for the fuss of climate change should include the reorientation of public values away from consumption and must stress more on sustainable production and resource usage. The Transition Towns movement which is based on community level action and awareness communication crossways multiple sectors, community and governmental levels and local adaptation t o environmental changes is one such approach. Indeed these two notions values reorientation and governmentally provided technological solutions are mutually constitutive.The people have lost their interest in politics and the democratic institutions are in a crisis. Democracy has not been able light upon power for the people in most parts of the world. Democracy basically means political equality i.e. equal rights of participation in the political decisions made by the governments. On the contrary, land does not guarantee political equality anymore. In times homogeneous this, with people not interested in voting, the concept of Transition Towns gives way to Participatory democracy in which there is a greater involvement of the general public in making political decisions for their prosperity and thereby democracy becomes a reality again. Participation lets people and officials make decisions on how the broad policy fealtys can be carried out. The Transition Initiatives can be successful only when there is a bridge between the transition community and the government. For example, when an Energy Descent Plan has been created by a transition network, it will be progressive only if there is a positive and productive relationship with the local authorities of the government. This creates an opportunity for democracy. The Transition movement engages people in a way that even conventional politics are failing to do in the present world and emotions like enthusiasm, idealism and passionate commitment can be observed in the people as a result of this concept. The Transition movement generates local-activism on the issues of peak-oil and climate change which would ultimately force the political intervention in these issues which also shows that the governments are forced to take action concerning the interests of the people which can again be seen enabling the functioning of the democracy. In this concept, transition normally results with the failure of the govern ment and the market in convincingly and effectively not beingness able to address the issues of peak-oil and climate change. The assumption of the social innovator that he is on his own and that the market has failed to achieve sustainability results in a liberated political action as a need to answer the political problems by the micro-political community processes instead of normal macro-political approach. Although, lobbying and involvement of transitioners in dialogue with the local authorities is not a key aspect of the Transition concept, Penwith transitioners are invite to be a part of their local Sustainable Communities Strategy. The six district councillors in Stroud are huge supporters of the Transition process and also the US peak-oil expert, Richard Heinberg was invited to give a speech in the cabinet which was attended by 450 attendees. all(prenominal) these scenarios take democracy to very new levels encouraging the abandon will of the common public which is a very good sign for the future in this perspective. According to Deleuzean, micro-politics involve minorities doing something motivated by desire. These actions disrupt the predominate practices showing them creative solutions. Deleuze argues that, a minor or deviant element is capable of destabilizing the macro socio-economic codes and the actuality here depends on the internal and the external factors of the force relations between those elements that enable and those that restrain the change. The Transition Town movement can therefore be considered to be a tactical approach where resistance is used to achieve democracy but this approach cannot be taken for granted to deliver positive effects always.There have been questions raised on the development of sustainable cities because of the complexity involved in their planning and implementation. It has been observed that sustainability obligations demand not only active involvement of civil society but also poke outership from governmen t. As discussed earlier, the Transition Town concept is based on the fact that the idea of sustainability is introduced into their local areas by the communities as a result of their resilience. All the features of insurgent planning can be clearly noticed in the Transition Town concept. Insurgent planning or oppositional planning is a case of planning which challenges the already established structures of power, transgresses time and place through a re-claiming of historical consciousness and imaginesthe concept of a different world as being both possible and prerequisite. A significant principle that differentiaes the Transition Towns concept from other community-focussed sustainability initiatives such as Local Agenda 21 is that the latter is initiated and goaded by the community rather than the government. The way in which the Transition representation has been scattering shows its insurgent nature. The framework of this concept is very easily accessible to any community or ind ividual with interests in sustainable living which ultimately leads to the unstructured spread of the Transition Towns thereby causing varied expressions to meet the local concerns. The problem that arises here is that, different people have different mindsets and when every individual comes up with a different solution for the same concern, it might lead to tension which is a problem for democracy. The insurgent nature of this concept makes it anti-democratic. And also the fact that the transition network has a list of 14 criteria to be execute in order for a community to be considered as a Transition Town or a Transition community raises questions on the very basic principles of the concept. Rob Hopkins states that this concept is not prescriptive but the fulfilment criteria for formalisation are in fact a prescription. Rather than allowing communities to be Transition Towns for the sake of sustainability, this concept seems to be forming Transition Networks which doesnt support the concept of the Transition Town movement as a whole and this is also an emerging problem for democracy as this will have major impacts on the smooth-functioning of the local governments. The Transition Town concept is based more on a survivalist principle which is not very similar to the green activist principles which are more inclined towards the ideologies like democracy, liberalism, global engagement and universalism. (Quilley) The Transition Towns movement can be viewed as a social movement with an eco-authoritarian perspective evolved as a result of the limits to growth and the ecological collapse of modern industrial society expiration the liberal democracy in the long run. Questions are also being raised about resilience on which the Transition Town concept is completely based, whether it is attuned with the features like individualism, liberalism and pluralism and the impacts re-localisation would have on the gender relations which are all again problems in the democra tic system. Individualism is not limited in serviceman nature and therefore it raises concerns that the members of the transition communities might get carried away and over-enthusiastic and end up acting against the law which is also not healthy in a democracy. Alex Steffen Transition Towns or Bright Green Cities, argues that even though the Transition town movement has successfully inspired the communities to take action, its places of interest have lamentably remained very low. There are also fears that re-localisation and resilience which are the main principles of the Transition Town moment might lead to self-sufficient tribalism which thereby reverses the commission of the civilising processes. According to Quilley, any reduction in the territorial scale of state pacification is believed to cause a decline in the pervasiveness and intensity of relations of the interdependency between individuals and the various groups. This shows that on a long run, the Transition Town con cept becomes a very predictable phenomenon in the grounds of the basic principles and goals of democracy being directly or indirectly getting affected by the latter. Reactions have not been entirely positive in Totnes where the Transition town movement was initially started. Many say that this movement was made up of ideas of other people and networks who had already been trying to make Totnes a more sustainable town at that time and this situation raised questions in relation to aspects of the Transition town movement and its impact on communities and also its reputation there were doubts that it was colonizing brisk networks. The interesting fact is that this concept cautions against taking a strong political stand on specific issues, leaving it partly up to individuals Transition Towns to decide what is applicable in their context. The Transition Network stresses the importance of Transition towns creating and maintaining links to local government but it can be argued that even though it is necessary for the local initiatives to have the support of local government but the basic fact is that the local governments are not bottom-up institutions. They operate within legislative frameworks and receive their funding from central governments and therefore they need to comply with the governing legislation. There is very high scope for the local governments to initially support the Transition communities but later decide on withdrawing the support which might create tension between these communities and the local governments which ultimately leads to political disturbances as a result of the tension created between the public and the local authorities which is again a problem for democracy as a whole.The Transition Town movement is like any other social movement but has been more successful because of the two core drivers it is based on peak-oil and climate change which have got manifest attention from the public. It has had good results in small towns around the world so far but there are doubts about its success more at a national level which still remains a question. As discussed, this concept has been very effective among communities in making them participate in decision making and the organizational aspects for making the Earth a better place to live in. It has succeeded in bringing the people of these communities together to get prepared for the post peak-oil world and also a world affected by climate change. As mentioned by Rob Hopkins, this concept has made the government respond to the actions of the transition communities fulfilling the basic goal of democracy. It has created room for what is known as participatory democracy and therefore it can be clearly said that this concept has generated opportunities for democracy for sure. This concept also has few areas where more research needs to be done. This concept aims at creating sustainable livelihoods outside the normal economy by self-provisioning and by creating alternative currencies. These ideas when looked at in a broader perspective dont seem practically possible and might also lead to political imbalance. When there is a government in place to administer, the presence of smaller groups having their own networks and currencies make the conditions very critical for the smooth functioning of the government and it seems more like a rebellious or an anti-social group i.e. when it goes out of hand. I also think that this concept cannot be successful in the global South. I strongly believe that there should be official representation in a democracy and networks like the transition town movement should only play a vital role in instigating the governments to take actions on issues of peak-oil and climate change or any other issue for that matter but they should not be forming their own communities and currencies which is against democracy. The freedom can be misused of and this concept might ultimately result in forming groups and networks which might pro ve unhealthy to the community as a whole with ripening self interests of these networks. After all, man is a selfish being

Organizational Culture in Turkish :: Foreign Turkey Turkish Essays

Organizational Culture in Turkish rgt kltr ile ilgili almalarn 1970li yllarda balad ve 1980lerde ise arlk kazand grlmektedir . Bunun sebeplerinden ilki, rgtte eitli kltrlerden gelen insanlarn oluturduklar alt kltrlerin birbirleri zerinde kurmak istedikleri iktidar mcadelelerinden kaynaklanan olumsuz atma ortamn engellemek iin bir st kltrn false topazmlanmasna ihtiya duyulmasdr. Bylece rgte gelen alanlar kapdan ieri girerken dardan getirdikleri kendi kltrel kimlik ve deerlerini tpk paltolarn askya asar gibi darda brakacaklar ve i nlklerini giyer gibi rgtn st kltrel kimliini taknacaklardr. kincisi, 1970li yllardan itibaren Japonyann, ynetim ve iletmecilik alannda Amerikann stnln krmaya balamasdr. Bilindii zere, 1960l ve 1970li yllar aras Amerikann dnya ekonomisinde ynetim ve iletmecilik alnnda stnlnn tartmasz kabul edildii bir dnem olma zellii tamaktadr. Oysaki II. Dnya Savann hemen arkasndan Japon iletmelerinin birok alanda Amerikan iletmelerinin nne gemesi ve lkelerini ekonomik bir sper g olmaya doru gtrmeleri birok aratrmacy bunun nedeni ile ilgilenmeye yneltmitir (Morgan, 1998). Bu ilgi rgt kltr ile ilgili bir takm kavramlarn gelimesini salamtr. Bu alma iki blmden olumaktadr. Birinci blm rgt Kltr kavramn atomize ederek bata rgt ,ardnda kltr kavramlarn ileyecek adndan ise bir btn olarak rgt Kltrn irdeleyecektir. kinci blm ise rgt Kltrnn temel unsurlar olanVarsaymlar,deerler, Normlar ve dier unsurlarn tek tek ele alnp incelenmesinden olumaktadr. BRNC BLMRGT KLTRrgtrgtn deiik tanmlar seamanlmtr. Barnard (1994), rgt, iki veya daha fazla bireyin bilinli olarak koordine edilmi etkinliklerinin veya glerinin bir sistemi olarak tanmlam ve bir rgtn, ortak bir amac baarmak iin aksiyona katkda bulunmaya gnll, birbirleriyle iletiime girebilen bireyler olduunda ortaya ktn ne srmtr. Schein (1970) rgt i ve i blm yelplarak, bir otorite ve sorumluluk hiyerarisi iinde, ortak ama ya da amacn gerekletirilmesi iin bir araya gelen insanlarn, gerekletirdikleri faaliyetlerinin uss al egdm, Etzoni (1964) belirli amalara ulamak iin kurulmu toplumsal birimler, Marc ve Simon (1958) ise, yeleri arasnda ilikiden oluan toplumsal bir yap olarak tanmlamlardr. Geni anlamyla rgt belirli amalar dorultusunda kiilerin abalarnn egdmlendii bir ynetim ilevi ama, insan, teknoloji boyutlarnn etkiletii bir sistem kiiliini belirleyen ve kendine zg bir kltr olan ileri, mevkileri, alanlar ve aralarndaki yetki ve iletiim ilikilerini gsteren bir yapdr. KltrKltr kavram birok bilimsel aratrma disiplini ya da uygulama alannda kullanla gelmektedir. Bu ok alanllk kltre pek ok farkl yaklam ve farkl kltr tanmlarn da beraberinde getirmektedir. Dolaysyla biyoloji, sosyoloji,tarih, antropoloji, gzel sanatlar,felsefe vb. konularda ele alnan kltr kavramn tek bir tanmla belirlemek olanaksz hale gelmektedir. Genel olarak bir ok tanmdan ortak biimde karlabilecek tanma gre kltr, insanlarn dnyaya bak asn, olaylar ve bireyleri alglama biimlerini belirlemektedir ve ayn toplulua ait bireylerce paylalan, bir nesilden dierine geen tutum, davran,deerlendirme, inan ve yaam biimlerini yorumlamay salayan bir olgu olarak tanmlanabilir.

The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Beowulf and Heroic Virtues :: Epic of Beowulf Essay

Beowulf and Heroic Virtues Although the main character in Beowulf is Beowulf himself, I believe that the single part which nearly concisely illustrates the heroic values in this verse occurs on pages 61 through 64 of the text, and is illustrated not by Beowulfs implements, but by Wiglafs. Although Wiglaf is by nationality Swedish, he identifies himself as Beowulfs kinsman when he says I did begin to do my kinsman. (Chickering 64) Wiglaf, in coming to Beowulfs upkeep in the fight against the dragon, typifies several principal(prenominal) heroic virtues. The most obvious of these is the importance of the relationship between professional and thane. In trying to persuade the other thanes to assist Beowulf, Wiglaf says, Now the day has come that our liege lord has need of the strength of unspoiled fighters. Let us go to him, help our war-chief while the grime terrible fire persists. (Chickering 61) In stating this, Wiglaf reminds the other thanes of the necessity of belongi ngs up their end of the bargain in the lord-thane relationship. Beowulf is a good lord, who protects his thanes and dispenses treasure to them, and it is their turn to support him in battle in his cartridge clip of need. When Wiglaf comes to aid Beowulf against the dragon, he also illustrates the importance of the kinship bond. Beowulf states that Fate has swept absent all my kinsmen immediately before he dies. (Chickering 63) As one of Beowulfs last surviving kinsmen, Wiglafs aid would be especially valuable to Beowulf. As the editors of The Norton Anthology of English literary works point out in the introduction to Beowulf in their introduction to this text, relationships between kinsmen were extremely important to this society. (Introduction 23) Wiglaf also exemplifies the heroic virtue of courage. He give no thought to his own safety or to the odds against him when he fights the dragon, but goes to help his thane and kinsman. In the fight he conducts himself courageously the author of the poem says that, in attacking the dragon, he took no heed for that head -- that is, the dragons head, which breathed fire -- but that that mass of the brave man was burned as he helped his kinsman. (Chickering 62). Finally, Wiglafs action demonstrates the heroic virtue of living up to a promise made. I remember that time we drank mead, when we promised our lord in the beer-hall -- him who gave us these rings -- that we would repay him for the war-arms if a need like this befell him, says Wiglaf of an earlier promise made by the thanes.The epical Poem, Beowulf - Beowulf and Heroic Virtues Epic of Beowulf EssayBeowulf and Heroic Virtues Although the main character in Beowulf is Beowulf himself, I believe that the single section which most concisely illustrates the heroic values in this poem occurs on pages 61 through 64 of the text, and is illustrated not by Beowulfs actions, but by Wiglafs. Although Wiglaf is by nationality Swedish, he identifies himself as B eowulfs kinsman when he says I did begin to help my kinsman. (Chickering 64) Wiglaf, in coming to Beowulfs aid in the fight against the dragon, typifies several important heroic virtues. The most obvious of these is the importance of the relationship between lord and thane. In trying to persuade the other thanes to assist Beowulf, Wiglaf says, Now the day has come that our liege lord has need of the strength of good fighters. Let us go to him, help our war-chief while the grime terrible fire persists. (Chickering 61) In stating this, Wiglaf reminds the other thanes of the necessity of holding up their end of the bargain in the lord-thane relationship. Beowulf is a good lord, who protects his thanes and dispenses treasure to them, and it is their turn to support him in battle in his time of need. When Wiglaf comes to aid Beowulf against the dragon, he also illustrates the importance of the kinship bond. Beowulf states that Fate has swept away all my kinsmen immediately before he dies. (Chickering 63) As one of Beowulfs last surviving kinsmen, Wiglafs aid would be especially valuable to Beowulf. As the editors of The Norton Anthology of English Literature point out in the introduction to Beowulf in their introduction to this text, relationships between kinsmen were extremely important to this society. (Introduction 23) Wiglaf also exemplifies the heroic virtue of courage. He give no thought to his own safety or to the odds against him when he fights the dragon, but goes to help his thane and kinsman. In the fight he conducts himself courageously the author of the poem says that, in attacking the dragon, he took no heed for that head -- that is, the dragons head, which breathed fire -- but that that hand of the brave man was burned as he helped his kinsman. (Chickering 62). Finally, Wiglafs action demonstrates the heroic virtue of living up to a promise made. I remember that time we drank mead, when we promised our lord in the beer-hall -- him who gave us these rings -- that we would repay him for the war-arms if a need like this befell him, says Wiglaf of an earlier promise made by the thanes.